Jewish Studies: Ancient Israel (2of100) Timeline Pt 4

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Jewish Topical

"Ancient Israel"

(2 of 100)

TWO

 

 

TIMELINE OF ISRAEL

 Pt 4

Modern Israel & the Diaspora

(1946-1949)

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1946
1947
1948
1949

1946

July 4	Mob attack against Jewish survivors in Kielce, Poland. Following a ritual murder accusation, a Polish mob kill more than 40 Jews and wound dozens of others. This attack sparks a second mass migration of Jews from Poland and Eastern Europe to DP camps in Germany, Austria and Italy.
August 1	The IMT passes judgment on the major Nazi war criminals on trial in Nuremberg. Eighteen were convicted, and three were acquitted. Eleven of the defendants were sentenced to death.
October 16	In accordance with the sentences handed down after the convictions, ten defendants are executed by hanging. One defendant, Hermann Goering, escapes the hangman by committing suicide in his cell.

 

1947

April 2	Britain requests special session of the General Assembly to consider future government of Palestine.
May 15	General Assembly establishes a Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP).
July 11	The Exodus 1947 ship carrying 4,500 Jewish refugees sails for British-administered Palestine from southern France, despite British restrictions on Jewish immigration. The British intercept the ship and force it to proceed to Haifa in Palestine and then the French port of Port-de-Bouc, where it lay anchor for more than a month.
August 31	UNSCOP issues majority report recommending partition of Palestine with an internationalised Jerusalem; minority report recommended federal scheme
September 8	Ultimately, the British take the refugees from the Exodus 1947 to Hamburg, Germany, and forcibly return them to DP camps. The fate of the Exodus 1947dramatized the plight of Holocaust survivors in the DP camps and increased international pressure on Great Britain to allow free Jewish immigration to Palestine.
September 29	Arab Higher Committee formally rejects UNSCOP plan.
October 2	Jewish Agency formally accepts UNSCOP partition plan.
November 29	As the postwar Jewish refugee crisis escalates and relations between Jews and Arabs deteriorate, the British government decides to submit the status of Palestine to the United Nations. In a special seccion on this date, the United Nations General Assembly voted to partition Palestine into two new states, one Jewish and the other Arab. The decision was accepted by the Jewish leadership but rejected by the Arab ledership.UN approves partition plan by a vote of 33-13 with 10 abstentions to create a Jewish and Arab state.
November 30	Arab mobs attack Jewish quarters in Jerusalem and Arab irregulars begin operations against Jewish cities and settlements.

 

1948

March 19	U.S. proposes suspension of partition plan and calls for a special session of the General Assembly to discuss trusteeship for Palestine.
April 1	Security Council calls for truce in Palestine and special session of the General Assembly to reconsider future of Palestine.
May 13	The Arabs of Jaffa surrender to the Haganah forces
May 14	Declaration of Independence of the State of Israel (May 14). U.S. recognizes Israel de facto. David Ben-Gurion announces the establishment of the State of Israel in Tel Aviv and declares that Jewish immigration into the new state would be unrestricted. Between 1948 and 1951, almost 700,000 Jews immigrate to Israel, including more than two-thirds of the Jewish DPs in Europe.
	End of British Mandate. Arab armies invade Israel.
	President Harry S. Truman recognizes the State of Israel within its first hour of existence.
May 17	USSR recognizes Israel.
May 19	Jerusalem is cut off by Arab forces.
	War of Independence (May 1948-July 1949).
May 20	General Assembly Committee appoints Count Folke Bernadotte as mediator for Palestine.
	Brandeis University is founded in the U.S. as first nonsectarian, Jewish-sponsored, institution of higher education.
May 28	Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem falls to the Jordanian Arab Legion.
May 31	Israel Defense Forces (IDF) formed.
June	Congress passes the Displaced Persons Act, authorizing 200,000 DPs to enter the United States in 1949 and 1950. Though at first the law's stipulations made it unfavorable to Jewish DPs, Congress amended the bill, and by 1952, thousands of DPs enter the United States. An estimated 80,000 Jewish DPs immigrated to the United States with the aid of American Jewish agencies between 1945 and 1952.
June 1	First convoy reaches Jerusalem along “Burma Road.”
June 11	First cease-fire proclaimed - Four week truce commences.
June 22	Altalena fired upon and sunk off the coast of Tel-Aviv.
July 8	Arab League refuses to renew truce; fighting resumed and Israel gained on all fronts.
July 9	First cease-fire end.
July 21	Second cease-fire proclaimed.
August 14	Arab countries reject Israeli peace proposals .
August 17	First Israeli coin minted.
September 17	UN mediator Swedish Count Folke Bernadotte murdered in Jerusalem by Lehi fighters. Succeeded by Dr. Bunche.
September 20	Bernadotte Plan published by UN.
October 15	Second cease-fire ends.
October 15	Fighting breaks out in Negev; the Egyptian army driven south.
October 19	Security Council orders an immediate cease-fire.
October 22	Israel and Egypt agree to cease-fire.
November 8	First census indicates 712,000 Jewish residents, and 69,000 Arab residents in the State of Israel.
November 16	Security Council calls for armistice talks.
November 18	Israel accepts call for armistice.
December 11	General Assembly establishes Palestine Conciliation Commission, reaffirms decision on Jerusalem and calls for repatriation or resettlement of refugees.
December 17	Beginning of “Operation Magic Carpet” to bring Yemenite Jews to Israel.
November 22	Fighting breaks out in Negev. Egyptian forces driven beyond mandatory borders, but retain the Gaza Strip.
	Mass immigration from Europe and Arab countries: 1948-52.

 

1949

January 7	Fighting ends in Sinai. Israeli forces withdraw from Sinai following British ultimatum and U.S. pressure.
January 13	Israeli and Egyptian delegations meet in Rhodes for armistice talks, chaired by Dr. Bunche. Armistice agreements begin with Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon.
	Jerusalem is declared the capitol of Israel and is divided under Israeli and Jordanian rule.
January 21	First Knesset (parliament) elected. Ben Gurion heads the Labor led coalition.
January 30	Britain, New Zealand and the Netherlands recognize Israel de facto. Australia and Chile recognize Israel de jure.
	U.S. recognizes Israel de jure.
February 1	Israel ends military governorship in Jerusalem.
February	Chaim Weizmann is elected Israel's first president. First meeting of the First Knesset.
February 24	Armistice agreement signed with Egypt.
March 9	David Ben-Gurion presents first government to the Knesset.
March 23	Armistice agreement signed with Lebanon.
April 3	Armistice agreement signed with Jordan.
April 25	Trans-Jordan becomes The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
April-June	First round of Israel-Arab talks in Lausanne under auspices of Palestine Conciliation Commission.
	The Weizmann Institute is inaugurated in Rehovot.
May 11	Israel admitted to United Nations as 59th member.
July 20	Armistice agreement signed with Syria.
August	Second round of Israel-Arab talks in Lausanne is deadlocked.
August 17	Theodore Herzl's remains are brought to Israel and interred on Mt. Herzl.
November 9	Professor Yigal Yadin appointed second IDF Chief-of-General Staff.
December 9	General Assembly votes for internationalization of Jerusalem under Trusteeship Council administration.
December 13	Government decides to hold its Knesset sessions in Jerusalem and declares Jerusalem to be Israel's capital.
	Umm Rashrash, today Eilat, is captured by the IDF.

Modern Israel & the Diaspora

(1950-1959)

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1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

 

1950

	As American Jews move to the suburbs, they build new synagogues. Joining a synagogue becomes the chief expression of Jewish identity. In 1930, a mere 20 percent of American Jewish families belong to a synagogue; by 1960, nearly 60 percent do.
January 16	Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg recognize Isael de jure
January 23	Knesset by 60-2 vote, establishes Jerusalem as Israel's capital
April 4	UN Trusteeship Council approves statute for the internationalization of Jerusalem.
April 24	Jordan annexes West Bank, including East Jerusalem
April 28	Britain recognizes Israel de jure
	The Knesset moves from Tel Aviv to King George St. in Jerusalem.
May 25	U.S., Britain and France issue Tripartite Declaration on Middle East
June 17	Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Lebanon and Yemen initial Collective Security Pact, calling on them to assist an Arab state under attack.
July 5	The Law of Return is enacted
November 14	First nationwide municipal elections after independence
	The West Bank unites with Jordan.
May 19	Operation Ezra and Nehemiah brings Iraqi Jews to Israel
	Fifty-fifty deal between Aramco and Saudi Arabia.
	Trans-Arabian Pipeline completed from Eastern Province oil fields to Mediterranean coast.

 

1951

April 12	Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Rememberence Day established on 27th of month of Nissan
May 18	Security Council calls on Israel to halt Huleh drainage project pending arrangements to be fixed by the Mixed Armistice Commission. Fighting erupts between Israel and Syria in demilitarized zone.
July 20	King Abdullah of Jordan is assassinated at the al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem on suspicion of planning peace talks with Israel.
July 30	Elections held for the Second Knesset
September 1	Security Council calls on Egypt to end its blockade of Suez Canal to shipping to and from Israel. Egypt refuses to comply
September 13	Palestine Conciliation Commission opens another round of talks in Paris with Israeli and Arab delegations
September 28	Israel offers non-agression pacts to Arab states, calls for direct negotiations and offers compensation for Arab refugee's property
	The Hula Valley reclamation program begins turning swamps into arable lands.
	Egged bus transport cooperative is founded.
October 7	David Ben-Gurion presents his government to the Knesset
November 21	Palestine Conciliation Commission announces failure of the talks
December 24	Libya proclaims independence
	Mossadegh nationalizes Anglo-Iranian in Iran (first postwar oil crisis)
	Safaniya field, world's largest off shore oil field, discovered in Saudi Arabia.

 

1952

	Operation Coresh brings Iranian Jews to Israel.
	The Israel Atomic Energy Commission is established.
January 1	Seven armed terrorists attacked and killed a 19-year-old girl in her home in Beit Yisrael in Jerusalem
January 7	Knesset summoned to approve broader negotiations with West Germany: Menachem Begin leads stormy demonstration against negotiations
January 9	Knesset supports negotations by 61-50
May 13	The first graduating class of physicians is awarded degrees at Hebrew University.
July 23	Free Officers carry out Coup d'etat in Egypt; oust King Farouk
July 28	Egypt proclaimed Republic
August 11	Hussein proclaimed Crown Prince following illness of King Talal. Council of regents appointed
August 12-13	Yiddish writers and other Jewish cultural figures are executed in the Soviet Union on “Night of the Murdered Poets” on orders from Joseph Stalin in the basement of the Lubyanka prison in Moscow.
August 18	Ben-Gurion welcomes Egyptian revolution in Knesset
September 10	Israel and West Germany sign Reparations Agreement in Luxembourg
November 9	President Chaim Weizman dies
December 8	Yitzchak Ben-Tzvi sworn in as President, after Albert Einstein declines a request from Ben-Gurion to serve.
	Israel participates in its first Olympic Games in Helsinki, Finland.

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1953

	The Academy for Hebrew Language and the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (SPNI) are founded.
	Egyptian republic proclaimed, Nasser takes over: 1953, 1954
	The Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial Authority is established.
February 12	USSR breaks diplomatic relations with Israel
	Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are executed for conspiring to deliver U.S. atomic bomb secrets to the U.S.S.R.
May 13	U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles visits Israel
June 7	A youngster was killed and three others were wounded in shooting attacks on residential areas in southern Jerusalem.
June 9	Terrorists killed a resident of Lod, after throwing hand grenades and spraying gunfire in all directions. On the same night, another group of terrorists attacked a house in Hadera.
June 11	Terrorists attacked a young couple in their home in Kfar Hess and shot them to death.
July 20	Relations with USSR restored
August	Unit 101, an IDF special force unit, is founded and commanded by Ariel Sharon to combat ongoing terror attacks by Arab fedayeen.
August 19	Mossadegh falls, Shah returns in Iran.
September 2	Israel starts work on Jordan River project. Syria complains to Security Council
October 15	President Eisenhower appoints Ambassador Eric Johnston to help establish regional water development project based on Jordan River
October 20-28	U.S. halts economic aid to Israel until it halts work on the Jordan River project. Israel complies and aid resumed
December 7	Ben-Gurion resigns as Prime Minister and is replaced by Moshe Sharett as Prime Minister and Pinchas Lavon as Defense Minister

 

1954

	Yad Vashem Holocaust museum opens.
	Stern College for Women, the first liberal arts women's college under Jewish auspices, opens in New York City.
	The founding of the Conference of Major Jewish Organizations indicates a galvanization of Jewish lobby in the U.S.
January 1	“Katzner trial” opens in Jerusalem District Court. (Malkiel Greenwald was accused of libelling Dr. Rudolf Kastner regarding his alleged collaboration with Adolf Eichmann in Hungary, in 1944).
January 22	USSR vetoes Western draft resolutions at Security Council permitting Israel to resume work on River Jordan project.
March 17	Terrorists ambushed a bus traveling from Eilat to Tel Aviv at Maale Akrabim, opening fire at short range. The terrorists boarded the bus, and shot each passenger, one by one, murdering 11.
March 20	USSR vetoes Western draft resolution at Security Council calling on Egypt to comply with 1951 resolution on Suez Canal
April 17	Colonel Nasser becomes Prime Minister of Egypt
Summer	Eleven Jews are arrested in Egypt on suspicion of planting bombs around Cairo. Two are hanged. Though Israel denies involvement, it is later learned Israeli Defense Minister Pinhas Lavon was behind the spy ring; Lavon is forced to resign over the operation, which becomes known as the “Lavon Affair.”
September 28	Egypt seizes Israeli ship “Bat Galim” at Port Said.
October 6	Israel offers at the UN non-aggression pact with Arab states

 

1955

	Soviet bloc begins first arms sales to Egypt and Syria.
January 2	Two hikers killed by terrorists in the Judean Desert
February 17	Lavon resigns as Defense Minister amidst controvery over espionage scandal involving Israeli agents who were executed in Egypt
February 21	Ben-Gurion returns to government as Defense Minister after Lavon's resignation.
February 24	Baghdad Pact signed between Turkey and Iraq.
	Development town of Dimona is founded in the Negev by 36 immigrant families from Morocco and Tunisia.
February 28	Following intensified raids into Israel, IDF raids Egyptian military installations in Gaza
March 24	One young woman killed and 18 wounded when terrorists threw hand grenades and opened fire on a crowded wedding celebration in Patish
April	Israel excluded from participation in Bandung Conference of Asian and African nations
May	Bar Ilan University, with its emphasis on Jewish heritage studies, opens in Ramat Gan.
June 22	Dr. Israel Kastner, a Hungarian Jew, was found guilty by a district court of collaboration with the Nazis; the decision was eventually appealed and overturned for lack of evidence
July 26	Elections for the Third Knesset, Ben-Gurion again becomes Prime Minister
July 27	Bulgarian fighter pilots down an El Al civilian airline, killing 58 people
September 27	Egyptian-Czechoslovak arms deal announced
October 11	Arab League rejects Eric Johnston's Jordan River plan
October 18	Premier Sharett applies to U.S. for permission to purchase arms
October 20	Egypt and Syria sign mutual defence treaty
November 2	Ben-Gurion again becomes Israel's Prime Minister
	Nasser objects to terms of Western offer to finance the building of the Aswan Dam.
December 6	Israel protests to Security Council, in note dated 22 November, continued Egyptian attacks from Gaza Strip
December 26	Cairo announces beginning of implementation of defence pacts with Syria and Saudi Arabia

 

1956

	Sudan & Tunisia gain independence, as well as Pakistan Republic.
	Israel begins laying on oil pipeline from Eilat to Ashkelon.
	Oil discovered in Algeria and Nigeria.
January 18	Nasser announces new constitution for Egypt and pledges to re-conquer Palestine
January 25	Ambassador Eban requests permission from Secretary Dulles to acquire arms in the U.S.
March 12	Egypt, Syria and Saudi Arabia announce plans to coordinate their defense
April	UN Secretary General tours Middle East in an effort to reestablish armistice. Cease-fire achieved between Israel and Egypt on 19 April and with Jordan on 26 April
April 7	One young woman killed when terrorists threw 3 hand grenades into her house in Ashkelon.
	Two killed when terrorists opened fire on a car at Kibbutz Givat Chaim.
April 11	Three children and one youth worker killed, and five injured, when terrorists opened fire on a synagogue full of children and teenagers in Shafrir (Kfar Chabad).
April 29	Egyptians killed 21-year-old Ro'i Rottenberg from Nahal Oz
May 6	Jordan and Egypt announce plans to unify their forces
May 9	Dulles tells NATO in Paris that the U.S. would not sell arms to Israel directly in order to avoid U.S.-USSR confrontation in the Middle East
May 31	Syria and Jordan sign military agreement
May-October	France delivers arms to Israel under secret agreement with tacit U.S. approval
June 24	Nasser elected President of Egypt
July 20	U.S. refuses aid and credits for Egypt Aswan High Dam, Britain adopts similiar position
July 26	Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal.
September 12	Terrorists killed three Druze guards in Ein Ofarim.
September 23	Four archaeologists killed and 16 wounded when terrorists opened fire from a Jordanian position at Kibbutz Ramat Rachel.
September 24	Terrorists killed a girl in the fields of the farming community of Aminadav, near Jerusalem.
October 4	Five Israeli workers killed in Sdom.
October 8	Egypt and USSR reject proposals for international supervision of Suez Canal
October 9	Two workers were killed in an orchard of the Neve Hadasah youth village.
October 25	Egypt, Syria and Jordan announce establishment of unified military command for “war of destruction against Israel.”
October 29	Sinai Campaign launched with Great Britain and France
	Kfar Kassem massacre of 47 Arab civilians violating a curfew
November 2	General Assembly calls for cease-fire in Egypt, withdrawal of foreign troops, restoration of freedom of navigation
	Tel Aviv University is opened.
November 4-5	End of Sinai Campaign. Gaza Strip and Sinai occupied. During the campaign, thousands of Jews are expelled from Egypt and come to Israel.
November 5	General Assembly establishes United Nations Emergency Force
November 6	Israel completes occupation of Sinai save for strip along Suez Canal
November 7	General Assembly calls on Britain, France and Israel to withdraw from Sinai and Suez Canal zone, President Eisenhower demands Israeli compliance. Premier Bulganin threatens Israel
November 8	Terrorists opened fire on a train, attacked cars and blew up wells, in the north and center of Israel. six Israelis were wounded
December 21	Last British and French troops leave Egypt
December 24	Beginning of Israeli forces withdrawal from Sinai

 

1957

	France helps Israel create nuclear research program in Dimona; a nuclear reactor is constructed.
	National telephone dialing between Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and Haifa is introduced.
January 5	Eisenhower Doctrine unveiled “to deter Communist aggression in the Middle East area.”
January 22	Israel withdraws to mandatory border with Egypt, holds land strip to Sharm el-Sheikh and Gaza Strip
February	U.S. pressure on Israel to withdraw from Gaza and Sharm el-Sheikh. General Assembly considers sanctions against Israel
February 18	Two civilians killed by terrorist landmines near Nir Yitzhak.
February 28	U.S.-Israel understanding on freedom of navigation and UN administration for Gaza Strip
March 1	Foreign Minister Meir announces to General Assembly Israel's readiness to withdraw from all Egyptian territories
March 6	Israel withdraws from Sinai and Gaza. UN forces (UNEF) along border
March 8	A shepherd from Kibbutz Beit Govrin was killed by terrorists in a field near the kibbutz
March 10	IDF withdraws to armistice lines
March 11	Egypt re-appoints military governor for Gaza
March 15	Egypt announces Israel not permitted to navigate through newly reopened Suez Canal
April 14	Eilat-Beersheba oil pipeline inaugurated
April 16	Two guards at Kibbutz Mesilot are killed by terrorists who infiltrated from Jordan.
May 20	A terrorist opened fire on a truck in the Arava region, killing a worker.
May 29	One killed and two wounded when their vehicle struck a landmine in Kibbutz Kisufim.
	Ben-Gurion announces in Knesset Israel's acceptance of “Eisenhower's Doctrine.”
June	Serious border clashes on Israel-Syria border
	Arab boycott of all firms selling goods in Israel.
	United States attains world's largest Jewish population.
August 23	Two guards of the Israeli Mekorot water company killed are killed in Kibbutz Beit Govrin.
October 29	Mentally deranged man throws a hand grenade into the Knesset. Five ministers are injured
October 31	Huleh swamp drainage project completed
November	Israel completes Huleh reclamation project
December 21	A member of Kibbutz Gadot was killed in the kibbutz fields.

 

1958

	The first supermarket opens in Tel Aviv on Ben-Yehuda Street.
	The Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University opens in Jerusalem.
	Immigration from Eastern Europe starts to grow, primarily from Romania.
January 15	Supreme Court verdict in Kastner trial
February 1	United Arabic Republic established through merger of Egypt and Syria.
February 11	Terrorists killed a resident of Moshav Yanov near Kfar Yona.
February 14	Jordan and Iraq form Arab Federation
March 8	Yemen joins United Arab Republic
March 20	Syria fires at Israeli workers engaged in widening Jordan River bed
	The Knesset passes the first Basic Law to established and define the electoral system.
April 5	Terrorists lying in ambush shot and killed two people in Tel Lachish.
May 26	Four Israeli police officers and a UN officer killed in a Jordanian attack on Mt. Scopus in Jerusalem.
July 14	Iraqi monarchy is overthrown in revolution, King killed. Civil war in Lebanon. Jordan and Lebanon appeal for U.S. military aid.
July 15	U.S. marines land in Beirut; British paratroopers land in Jordan
August 2	Arab Federation dissolved by Hussein
August 4	First International Bible Quiz held in Jerusalem
October 25	U.S. ends its military intervention in Lebanon
November 7	Syrian artillery shell Israeli settlements in Huleh Valley
November 17	Ambassador Eban again proclaims Israel's readiness to compensate Arab refugees even before peace settlement.
	Syrian terrorists killed the wife of the British air attache in Israel, who was staying at the guesthouse of the Italian Convent on the Mt. of the Beatitudes.
December 3	A shepherd killed and 31 civilians wounded in an artillery attack on Kibbutz Gonen.

 

1959

	Heichal Shlomo - seat of the Chief Rabbinate - is inaugurated.
	The Carmelit subway is inaugurated in Haifa.
	The USSR officially declares it will not allow Soviet Jews to immigrate to Israel.
January	Fatah is established by Yasser Arafat and associates.
January 23	A shepherd from Kibbutz Lehavot Habashan was killed.
February 1	Three civilians killed by a terrorist landmine at Moshav Zavdiel.
February 26	Egypt detains Liberian Ship Captain Manolis in Suez Canal with cargo from Israel to Ceylon and Malaya.
March 13	Egypt detains German ship Lialot in Suez Canal with Israeli cargo to Malaya and Phillipines.
March 24	Iraq withdraws from Baghdad Pact. Pact is re-named CENTO on August 18.
April 15	A guard was killed at Kibbutz Ramat Rahel.
April 27	Two hikers shot and killed at close range at Masada.
May 21	Egypt detains Danish ship Inge Toft, confiscates cargo destined from Israel to Hong Kong and Japan
September 6	Bedouin terrorists killed a paratroop reconnaissance officer near Nitzana.
September 8	Bedouins opened fire on an army bivouac in the Negev, killing an IDF officer, Captain Yair Peled.
October 3	A shepherd from Kibbutz Heftziba was killed near Kibbutz Yad Hana.
October 5	Egypt tells UN that Israel will be permitted to use Suez Canal after Palestine refugee problem is settled
November 3	Elections for the Fourth Knesset
December 19	Egypt detains Greek ship Astypalea in Suez Canal. Nasser disavows previous promises to UN Secretary General to allow passage of Israeli cargo on non-Israeli ships.
	A series of riots with an ethnic-socio-economic basis takes places in a Haifa suburb, Wadi Salib.
	The Navy's first submarine, the Tanin (crocodile), arrives in Haifa.
	Habima is declared the national theater of Israel.

Modern Israel & the Diaspora

(1960-1969)

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1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

1960

	Theodore Heuss is the first German president to visit Israel.
	Founding of the Jewish Reconstructionist movement (as a distinct denomination; Mordecai Kaplan): 1960s.
	Hadassah Hospital and Hebrew University Medical School inaugurated at Ein Kerem, Jerusalem.
	Letters from the Bar Kochba archive are discovered in a dig in the Judean desert.
	OPEC founded in Baghdad.
January 18	Egypt announces USSR will finance second stage of Aswan High Dam.
February 20	Jordan opposes in Arab League creation of a Palestinian entity.
March 10	Ben-Gurion meets with President Eisenhower at White House.
April 26	Terrorists killed a resident of Ashkelon.
May 23	Adolf Eichmann is captured in Argentina by Israeli agents of the Mossad, who bring him to Israel for trial for his involvement in Hitler's extermination of the Jews.
	Ben-Gurion announces in Knesset capture of Eichmann.
July 23	Shah declares that Iran recognizes Israel de facto.
July 25	Egypt breaks its ties with Iran.

1961

	Operation Yachin bring Moroccan Jews to Israel as Morocco leaglizes immigration to Israel.
	Israel's first nuclear reactor becomes operational at Nahal Sorek.
January 11	The Egoz, a ship bringing Morccan Jews to Israel - sinks.
March 16	IDF raids Syrian positions east of Sea of Galilee, following Syrian shelling.
April 9	Security Council condemns Israel for Galilee raid.
April 11	Eichmann trial begins at Beit Ha'am in Jerusalem.
	Israel Beer, military historian and advisor to the Minister of Defense, is arrested for spying for the USSR and is sentenced to 15 years in jail.
August 15	Elections for the Fifth Knesset.
September	Civil war in Yemen - Egypt and Saudi Arabia intervene.
September 28	Syrian military coup d'etat breaks up the UAR.
December 11	Eichmann found guilty.
December 15	Eichmann sentenced to death by hanging, the first and only person in Israel to receive the death sentence.

1962

	Haifa University is opened.
	Archeological excavations commence at Masada, under the direction of Professor Yigal Yadin.
	United States' sale of Hawk missiles to Israel is concluded.
April 12	Terrorists fired on an Egged bus on the way to Eilat; one passenger was wounded.
May 31	Adolf Eichmann is executed in Israel for his part in the Holocaust.

1963

	In a landmark Supreme Court decision, the Ministry of Interior is ordered to recognize the marriage of a Jew and a Christian performed in Cyprus.
February 8	Pro-Egyptian Colonel Arif overthrows Qassim regime in Iraq
March 8	Officers group connected with Ba'ath party takes over power in Syria.
March 20	Knesset calls on West Germany to forbid its scientists to aid Egyptian missiles and arms development.
April 17	Egypt, Syria and Iraq agree on new federation; also call for liberation of Palestine.
April 23	President Yitzchak Ben-Tzvi dies.
May 21	Zalman Shazar becomes Israel's third President.
June 16	David Ben-Gurion resigns as Prime Minister and Minister of Defense and retires. He is replaced by Levi Eshkol.
June 24	Prime Minister Levi Eshkol presents his government to the Knesset.
July 22	Nasser renounces Egypt's federation agreement with Syria and Iraq, and denounces Syria's Ba'ath party.
November 18	Military coup in Iraq; Arif becomes President.

1964

	Student Struggle for Soviet Union founded following U.S. march to protest Soviet anti-Jewish policies.
January 5	Pope Paul VI visits Israel as part of a Middle East Tour.
January 14	United Arab Summit in Cairo establish Unified Military Commando to prepare for war against Israel.
May 28	The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is founded in Jordanian-controlled East Jerusalem.
June	The National Water Carrier begins operations, bringing water from Lake Kinneret in the north to the semi-arid south.
June 2	Eshkol ends two days of talks with President Johnson in White House.
June 3	Israel wins the Asia Soccer Cup, beating South Korea 2-1 in the final.
July 9	Ze'ev Jabotinsky's remains are interred on Mt. Herzl.
September 5-11	Arab Summit conference in Alexandria agrees on measures to divert Jordan River headwaters.

1965

	President Lyndon B. Johnson signs into law the Immigration Act of 1965, abolishing the national origins quota system.
	Arafat's Fatah begins the “armed struggle” against Israel, undertaking its first cross-border attack on January 1.
	Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba proposes recognition of Israel.
January 1	Palestinian terrorists attempt to bomb the National Water Carrier - the first attack carried out by the PLO's Fatah faction.
February 12	West Germany announces suspension of arms sales to Israel.
May 11	The Israel Museum in Jerusalem is founded as the country's national museum.
May 12	Israel and West Germany establish diplomatic relations.
May 18	Eli Cohen is hanged in Damascus after being found guilty of spying for Israel.
May 31	Jordanian Legionnaires fired on the neighborhood of Musara in Jerusalem, killing two civilians and wounding four.
June 1	Syria declares: Only solution for Palestine - elimination of Israel.
July 5	A Fatah cell planted explosives near Beit Guvrin, and on the railroad tracks to Jerusalem near Kfar Battir.
July 15	Chief of Staff Rabin says Israel has effectively deterred Arab States from diverting Jordan River headwaters.
	Teddy Kollek becomes Mayor of Jerusalem; he is re-elected six times and serves 28 years.
November 2	Elections for the Sixth Knesset.
December 29	U.S. confirms sale of tanks to Jordan.

1966

	The new Knesset building in Jerusalem is inaugurated.
	The Coca-Cola Company announces it will open a plant in Israel in defiance of the the Arab Boycott.
May 2	Konrad Adenauer visits Israel.
May 16	Two Israelis killed when their jeep hit a terrorist landmine in Northern Galilee. Tracks led into Syria.
May 18	Eshkol declares in Knesset that Israel will not be first to introduce nuclear weapons to Middle East; calls for limitations on regional arms build-up.
May 19	U.S. confirms sale of jet fighters to Israel.
July 13	Two soldiers and 1 civilian killed when their truck struck a terrorist landmine near Almagor.
July 25	Serious clashes between Israel and Syria, followed by inconclusive Security Council debate.
November 4	Syria and Egypt sign mutual defence treaty providing for joint command.
November 13	Israel raids Samu village following incursions from Jordan.
December 10	Israeli writer Shmuel Yosef Agnon receives the Nobel Prize in Literature with a German-Jewish author, Nelly Sachs.

1967

	Ben Gurion University of the Negev is opened.
January	Heavy fighting along Israel-Syria borders.
April 7	Israeli aircraft shoot down 7 Syrian Migs.
April 11	Security Council deplores Arab attacks on Israel.
May 7-14	Reports circulating in Tel Aviv of pending Israeli attack against Syria
May 13	UAR recieves intelligence reports, apprarantly from Soviets, warning of Israeli attack on Syria.
May 14	Nasser declares alert in Egypt and bolsters his forces in Sinai. UAR chief-of-staff flies to Damascus.
May 15	Egyptian forces continue pouring into Sinai, UAR forces stand on alert, deployment begins.
May 16	Israeli's begin to show concern over UAR deployments towards Sinai . Propoganda campaign begins in UAR and spreads across the Arab world.
May 17	Egyptian President Nasser orders UN forces to evacuate the Gaza Strip and Sinai. Reports of UAR troops being withdrawn from Yemen to Sinai. Israel begins mobilization.
May 18	UAR calls for the United Nations Emergency Force to withdraw from Egyptian territory.
May 19	UN Emergency Force withdrawn at Egypt's request. Israel declares partial mobilization.
May 20	Nasser declares alert in Egypt and state of emergency in Gaza. Unites with 111 other Arab nations two of which (Syria and Iraq) openly called for the destruction of Israel. Sixth fleet carrier task groups directed to move eastward towards Crete.
May 21	UAR mobilizes reserves.
May 22	Egypt declares the Straits of Tiran closed to Israeli shipping.
May 23	Eshkol warns Egypt of gravity of blockade.
May 23	Security Council adjourns, having failed to take any action on Middle East crisis.
May 30	Egypt and Jordan sign mutual defence pact in Cairo.
June 1	National Unity Government formed; Moshe Dayan appointed Defense Minister.
June 2	Joint-Chiefs-of-Staff permits Sixth Fleet to commence in-port upkeep periods, reflecting relaxation of tensions.
June 3	Iraq joins UAR-Jordan defense pact.
June 4	UAR and Iraq forces enter Jordan
June 5	Israeli air force pre-emptively attacks Egyptian, Jordanian, Syrian and Iraqi air force bases; efectively neutralizing them. IDF ground forces attack Egyptian forces in Sinai and the Gaza Strip. Israeli Prime Minister Levi Eshkol conveys message to King Hussein of Jordan through UN Chief of Staff in Jerusalem that Israel has no intentions of attacking Jordan. At 10:20 Jordan launches attack on Israel.Following Jordanian artillery and small arms attacks and a Jordanian incursion into the DMZ in Jerusalem, IDF forces commence operations against Jordanian military positions in Judea, Samaria, and Jerusalem. MOLINK exchanges with Soviet leaders begins. UAR and Jordan begin concocting and disseminating false intervention charge. Crisis in Benghazi where British troops rescue trapped Americans. Crisis at Wheelus AB.
June 6	Egyptian forces continue pouring into Sinai. Initial U.S. military moves negative, to avoid giving impression of U.S. intervantion. JCS disapproves movement of Amphibious Force from Malta,. Algeria, UAR, Syria, Sudan, and Yemen break relations with the U.S. Algeria and Kuwait ban all shipments to the U.S. and the U.K.
June 7	Jerusalem reunited.
June 8	IDF completes deployment in Sinai (including the Gaza Strip). Cease-fire declared with Egypt and Jordan as fighting continues with Syria. USS Liberty mistankenly attacked by Israeli Air Force.
June 9	IDF forces move against Syrian forces on the Golan Heights.
	President Nasser resigns, withdraws resignation some hours later.
June 10	IDF completes deployment in the Golan Heights; cease-fire declared with Syria. USSR and other East European nations, except Rumania, sever diplomatic ties with Israel.
June 12	Israel announces it will not withdraw to 1949 armistice lines before peace is achieved by direct negotiations.
June 19	President Johnson Outlines 5 point U.S. peace plan.
June 27	Knesset passes the Protection of Holy Places Law.
June 28	Israel proclaims unification of Jerusalem.
June-June	Draft resolutions denouncing Israel as aggressor, calling for evacuation of liberated territory are rejected by the General Assembly.
August	Arab summit in Khartoum state: No negotiations with Israel, no peace with Israel and no recognition of Israel.
	Open Bridges policy across the Jordan River bridges, for goods and people, is instituted.
September 1	Arab summit conference in Khartum proclaims policy of no peace, no recognition and no negotiations with Israel.
October 12	Sea-to-sea missiles fired from Egyptian missile boats sink Israeli destroyer "Eilat."
October 25	Israeli artillery destroys Egyptian oil refineries in Suez.
November 22	UN General Assembly Resolution 242 is adopted.

1968

	Egypt's War of Attrition against Israel: 1968-70.
	Israel TV transmits its first broadcast, the 20th Independence Day military parade.
	Jews return to Gush Etzion, abandoned after its capture by the Jordanians in 1948.
	Jews return to Hebron, abandoned after the Jewish massacres in 1929.
	Polish government outlaws Jewish language and institutions.
January 27	The Israeli Navy submarine Dakar and crew disappear at sea en route from England.
February 7	Eshkol ends two days of talks with President Johnson in Texas.
March 12	Nasser proclaims three stage doctrine of struggle against Israel.
	Israeli army attack on PLO base at Karameh, Jordan.
May 26	First Jerusalem Day celebrated.
June 22	Prime Minister Levi Eshkol declares that the Jordan River is Israel's security border.
	Labor party is formed from the union of Mapai, Ahdut Ha'avodah and Rafi.
July 17	PLO's Palestinian National Council adopt covenant calling for Israel's destruction.
July 22	The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) carries out the first hijacking, diverting an El Al flight to Algiers. 32 Jewish passengers were held hostage for 5 weeks.
July	Ba'thists seize power in Iraq.
September 4	One killed and seventy-one wounded by three bombs that exploded in Tel Aviv.
October	Hijacking for El Al aircraft en route to Algeria.
October 8	Foreign Minister Eban offers nine point peace plan at UN General Assembly. Egypt rejects plan and demands that Ambassador Jarring work out a timetable for Israeli withdrawl from disputed areas.
October 27	Fighting breaks out again along Suez Canal, Suez oil refineries again hit.
November 19	Israel allows return to disputed areas thousands of refugees who fled to Jordan in the Six Day War.
November 22	Twelve killed and fifty-two injured by a car bomb in the Mahaneh Yehuda market, Jerusalem.
December 2	Heavy fighting erupts on Israel-Jordan borders.
December 4	Israel aircraft attack Iraqi artillery units in Jordan.
December 26	Arab terrorists attack Israeli airliner in Athens.
December 27	U.S. announces sale of Phanton jets to Israel.
December 28	IDF raids Beirut airport, destroying 13 airliners without loss of life.

1969

February 18	Israeli airliner attacked in Zurich.
February 21	Two killed and twenty injured by a bomb detonated in a crowded market in Jerusalem.
February 26	Levi Eshkol dies suddenly.
February 4	Yasser Arafat elected chairman of the PLO.
March 7	Golda Meir becomes Prime Minister after Eshkol's death.
April 19	Soviet missiles installed in Egypt, following announcement by Nasser that Egypt has completed rehabilitation of its army and is moving to stage of active defense.
April 23	Egypt repudiates cease-fire along Suez Canal.
May 11	Jordan forbids terrorist raids against Israel from its territory, following Israel warning and raids.
July 7	UN Secretary General U Thant proclaims that war of attrition is taking place along Suez Canal.
July 20	Israel airforce begins bombing targets inside Egypt.
July 31	Israel repels Syrian attack in Golan Heights.
August 21	Al-Aqsa Mosque damaged by arson.
August 23	Nasser calls for all out war against Israel.
August 29	American airliner hijacked to Damascus; two Israeli passengers detained .
September 1	Coup d'etat in Libya overthrows monarchy. Moammer Qaddafi heads Revolutionary Command Council.
October	Secret U.S.-USSR talks on Middle East peace. Talks fail when Nasser rejects plan.
October 13	Israel proposes home rule for West Bank, retaining responsibility for security.
October 22	Four killed and twenty wounded by terrorist bombs in five apartments.
October 28	Elections to the Seventh Knesset.
December 9	U.S. Secretary of State Rogers announces American Plan for peace in the Middle East.
December 12	Israel rejects Rogers plan.

Modern Israel & the Diaspora

(1970-1979)

---

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

1970

	Israel participates in the Soccer World Cup finals.
February 2	Heavy fighting on Golan Heights
February 22	Palestinian terrorists blow up Swissair jet in mid air
March	USSR steps up missile shipment to Egypt
April	Israel announces Soviet pilots are flying operational missions for Egyptian airforce
May 9	Israel warns against installation of Soviet missiles close to Suez Canal
May 22	Terrorists attack schoolbus, killing 12 (9 of whom were children), and wounding 24 in Avivim, Israel.
June 25	Secretary Rogers discloses U.S. initiative to end war of attrition along Suez Canal for 90 days and resumption of stalled Jarring mission
July 23	Egypt, after Nasser visit to Moscow, accepts U.S. initiative
July 26	Jordan accepts U.S. initiative
August 4	Israel accepts U.S. initiative, is assured of continued military and economic aid from the U.S.
August 7	Cease-fire goes into effect on Suez Canal
August 7	Egypt violates cease-fire by moving missiles into “stand-still” zone. Israel protests to U.S.
August 8	American-brokered cease-fire ends War of Attrition with Egypt
	Refusenicks are sentenced to death in the USSR for hijacking an airplane.
September	Heavy fighting between Jordanian army and Palestinian terrorists. Syria invades Jordan. U.S. moves Sixth Fleet to Eastern Mediterranean
	Black September: clashes between Jordanian forces and the PLO, in an attempt by the PLO to take control of the country, end in Jordanian victory; the PLO regroups in Lebanon.
September 6	Three airliners holding over 400 passengers were hijacked, and taken to the Jordanian airport by the PFLP. The hostages were released in exchange for terrorists held in Germany, Switzerland, and England
September 16	Hussein proclaims martial law in Jordan and installs military governments to fight terrorists
September 18	Prime Minister Meir meets President Nixon. Israel refuses to return to Jarring talks until Egyptian missiles are withdrawn
September 27	Arab heads of state agree on formula to end hostitilies in Jordan
September 28	President Nasser dies, succeeded by Anwar Sadat
November 5	UN General Assembly calls for 90 day extension of cease-fire and resumption of Jarring talks

 

1971

	The Black Panthers movement becomes active in Israel among North African Jews, and begins protesting against social conditions; violent demonstrations erupt in Jerusalem.
	The three millionth citizen arrives in Israel.
	Demands of Soviet Jews to immigrate to Israel continue to intensify.
February 15	Sadat formally informs Jarring Egypt willing to envisage peace arrangement with Israel - on his conditions.
February 26	Israel informs Jarring it is keen to negotiate peace arrangements with Arab states but cannot give prior committments on borders and other items to be negotiated. Jarring mission deadlocked
April	Fighting erupts again in Jordan between the King's forces and Palestinian terrorists
April 17	Egypt, Syria and Libya sign agreement to form Federation of Arab Republics
May 27	Egypt and USSR sign 15-year treaty of friendship and co-operation.
July 23	Sadat is granted full powers by Arab Socialist Union to take action to recover Arab lands from Israel.
August 12	Syria breaks off diplomatic ties with Jordan following border clashes
November 28	Jordanian Premier Wasfi Tal assassinated in Cairo by Palestinian terrorists.
December 2	Prime Minister Golda Meir meets President Nixon in Washington

 

1972

	Ordination of first (Reform) Jewish woman rabbi in U.S.
March 15	Hussein announces plan to make Jordan federal state. Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Libya reject the plan
April 6	Egypt breaks off diplomatic relations with Jordan because of Hussein's federal plan.
	Special paratrooper unit of the IDF, dressed as Arabs, free hostages on a hijacked Sabena plane in Lod.
May 9	Palestinian-inspired Japanese terrorists murder 27 people (including 21 Christian pilgrims from Puerto Rico) at Lod Airport.
July 18	Sadat terminates services of Soviet military advisers
September	Stepped up Soviet military shipments to Jordan, including misiles for the defense of Damascus
September 5	Eleven Israeli athletes are murdered at the Munich Olympic Games by Black September, a terrorist group affiliated with Fatah. (The same group also hijacks a plane en route to Tel Aviv and holds the passengers and crew hostage for 23 hours. The hostages are rescued by IDF counterrorism commandos.)
October 15	Israel strikes at terrorist bases in Jordan and Lebanon
October 29	West Germany releases Munich killers after German airliner is hijacked
November 1	USSR agrees to restore missiles to Egypt's air defence system

 

1973

	Conservative Movement's Committee on Jewish Laws and Standards (CJLS) of the Rabbinical Assembly approves minority opinion allowing women to count in a minyan; by 1996, fully 83% of Conservative synagogues counted women in their minyan.
	Saudi government buys 25% participation interest in Aramco.
March 1	Prime Minister Meir meets President Nixon in Washington
March 1	Palestinian terrorists kill U.S. Ambassador, his deputy head of mission, and Belgian diplomat in Khartum
March 28	Sadat proclaims himself military governor of Egypt, and declares martial law
May 24	Ephraim Kazir becomes Israel's fourth president.
September 13	Thirteen Syrian MIG-21 planes downed in aerial battle off Syrian coast.
October 6	The Yom Kippur War begins with Egyptian and Syrian forces attacking across 1967 ceasefire lines (Egypt crosses Suez Canal, Syrian forces attack Golan Heights
October 6-7	First naval battle in history fought with only missiles between Israel and Jordan. All Syrian ships sunk; no Israeli losses.
October 7	Syrian attack contained
October 8	Israeli counter-offensive in Sinai fails
October 10	Syrian forces driven back in Golan. Israel stablizes new line in Sinai
October 12	IDF advances to within 28 miles from Damascus
October 13	IDF repels Jordanian and Iraqi forces fighting with Syrians in the Golan Heights
October 15	First IDF forces cross Suez Cana
	Countering massive sea and air lift of Soviet arms to Egypt and Jordan, U.S. starts air lift to Israel
	Israel's military attache in Washington is killed by terrorists.
October 17	Arab Oil Embargo announced. Arab oil producing states announce 10 percent reduction in oil production and impose total embargo on U.S. and Netherlands.
October 17	Sadat proposes a cease-fire
October 19	President Nixon asks Congress to appropriate $2.2 billion for emergency aid to Israel
October 20	Israel expands its bridgehead on West Bank of Suez Canal, besieging Third Egyptian Army
October 22	UN Resolution 338 is passed. First cease-fire declared on southern front. Fighting continues
October 24	Second cease-fire declared on southern front; cease-fire on northern front.
October 25	President Nixon orders world-wide alert as fear of Soviet military intervention on Egypt's behalf mounts.
October 25	Security Council establishes UNEF to supervise cease fire.
October 31	Premier Meir arrives in Washington for talks with President Nixon and Secretary Kissinger
November 11	Truce agreement (6 point agreement for the stabilisation of the cease-fire) signed with Egypt at "Kilometer 101."
November 15	Exchange of POWs with Egypt.
November 18	Governement decides to set up state commission of inquiry (Agranat Commission) into the beginnning of the war.
December 1	David Ben-Gurion dies and is buried at his home in Kibbutz Sde Boker in the Negev.
December 21	Geneva Peace conference on Middle East opens.
December 31	Election of the Eighth Knesset.

 

1974

January	Shuttle diplomacy by Dr. Kissinger to bring about Israel-Egypt separation of forces agreement
January 18	Israel-Egypt separation of forces agreement is signed in kilometer 101 on the Cairo-Suez road
January 18	Sinai Disengagement Agreement signed between Israel and Egypt.
March	Continued war of attrition along the Israel-Syria cease-fire line
March 4	Israeli army deployed along new lines in Sinai in accordance with disengagement agreement
March 18	Arab states lift oil embargo on the U.S.
	Saudi government incesases its participation interest in Aramco to 60%.
April 11	In Kiryat Shemona, Israel, 18 are killed, 8 of whom were children, by PFLP terrorists who detonated their explosives during a failed rescue attempt by Israeli authorities.
	Golda Meir’s government resigns, including Defense Minister Moshe Dayan and Foreign Minister Abba Eban, after the criticism of the government's handling of the Yom Kippur War.
May 15	Terrorists murder 26 people (22 of them children) at a school in Ma'alot.
May 31	Golan Heights Disengagement Agreement signed between Jordan and Israel.
June 3	Yitzhak Rabin becomes Prime Minister.
June 16	U.S. President Nixon visits Israel. First visit from U.S. president.
June 18	IDF completes its withdrawal from the “Syrian bulge” in the framework of the Israel-Syria Disengagement of Forces agreement
July 1	Rabin proclaims there is no room for another state between Israel and Jordan
	U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation is founded.
	Ordination of first Reconstructionist Jewish woman rabbi, Sandy Eisenberg Sasso. She serves a joint Conservative-Reconstructionist-affiliated congregation, making her the first woman rabbi to serve a Conservative congregation.
August 10	President Ford assures Israel the U.S. will honor its committments
September 10-13	Prime Minister Rabin pays an official visit to Washington, holds talks with President Ford and senior administration officials.
October 14	The General Assembly votes 105 against 4 to invite the PLO to participate in the debate on the “Palestine question.”
October 26-30	Arab summit conference in Rabat determines that the PLO is the sole representative of the Palestinian Arabs and removes Jordan from a future role in the West Bank
November 1	Reacting to the Rabat decisions, Israel announces there will be no talks with the PLO
November 13	Arafat before the General Assembly calls for the liquidation of Israel and the establishment of a “secular democratic Palestine”
November 18	An IAF helicopter crashes in Haifa bay. The crew survives.
November 20	UNESCO condemns Israel for its archaeological digs in Jerusalem.
November 22	PLO receives observer status at the UN.
December 10	71 Senators condemn recent UN resolutions against Israel

 

1975

	Good Fence Policy instituted between Israel and Lebanon.
	Israel unveils its first locally manufactured figher jet, the Kfir, on Independence Day.
	The 100,000th immigrant from the USSR arrives.
	The West Bank city of Ma'ale Adumim is founded.
	Settlers establish the town of Elon Moreh without the authorization of the government, which evacuates them.
	Saudi, Kuwaiti, and Venezuelan concessions come to an end.
March 6	Terrorists murder 18 civilians and three IDF soldiers in an attack on a Tel Aviv hotel
March 22	Talks with Secretary Kissinger are suspended. President Ford announces a review of U.S. arms deliveries to Israel
March 29	Sadat announces the opening of the Suez Canal on June 5
April 10	President Ford pledges another effort for peace in the Middle East
April 13	The start of the 1975-76 civil war in Lebanon
May 11	Israel and the European Economic Community sign an agreement giving Israel Associate Membership
July 4	Terorist bomb kills 15 people (including two children) at Zion Square in Jerusalem.
June 5	The Suez Canal is reopened for navigation
June 10-11	Rabin holds talks in Washington with President Ford
	“Black Muslims” in America cultivate Sunni recognition.
	President Gerald Ford signs legislation including the Jackson-Vanik Amendment, which ties U.S. trade benefits to the Soviet Union to freedom of emigration for Jews.
September	First residents move into Yamit
September 1	Second Sinai agreement signed with Egypt. Israel-Egypt interim agreement is signed in Jerusalem and Alexandria. An Israel-U.S. protocol is also signed.
	Israel becomes an associate member of the European Common Market.
October 10	Israel signs the military protocol after U.S. Congress approves U.S. presence in Sinai. Abu Rudeis oil field handed to Egypt
October 22	Joint Israel-Egypt military commission meets for the first time in Sinai
November 10	UN General Assembly passes a resolution declaring Zionism to be a form of racism.
November 13	Terrorist bomb in Jerusalem kills seven.

 

1976

January 12	The Security Council opens Middle East debate. PLO invites, Israel boycotts the sessions.
	The U.S. vetoes a draft resolution in the Security Council. The discussion ends with no resolution being adopted.
January 26-29	Prime Minister Rabin pays an official visit to the U.S., addresses a joint session of Congress
February 22	IDF completes withdrawl under the Interim Agreement
March 22	The U.S. vetoes an anti-Israel draft resolution at the conclusion of a Security Council discussion on the situation in the West Bank
March 30	Land Day is marked by Israeli Arabs for the first time.
April 12	Elections are held in 24 municipal and local councils in the West Bank
June 27	Air France airliner enroute from Tel Aviv to Paris is hijacked after a stop over in Athens. It is flown to Entebbe.
July 3-4	IDF troops mount dramatic rescue of hostages taken to Entebbe, Uganda. Three passengers and the commander are killed during the operation.
July 11	Israeli Rina Mor wins the Miss Universe competition.
August 5	Israel and the U.S. initial an agreement for the supply to Israel of two nuclear reactors.
August 11	Terrorists attack El Al passengers in Istanbul airport
September	At its sixty-sixth session held in Cairo, the Arab League Council accepts Palestine, as represented by the PLO, as a full member of the Arab League equal to all other members
December 10	The General Assembly adopts a resolution for a nuclear free zone in the Middle East
December 21	Prime Minister Rabin submits his government's resignation, after controversy erupted when F-15 fighters landed after the onset of Shabbat.

 

1977

	U.S. Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund  (BARD) and the Binational Industrial R&D  (BIRD) Foundation are established.
March 7-9	Prime Minister Rabin visits Washington for talks with President Carter
March 9	President Carter announces new U.S. policy for the Middle East
April 7	Yitzchak Rabin announces his resignation as Labor Party leader following allegations of foreign currency violations.
April 7	Maccabi Tel Aviv basketball team wins European championship for the first time.
May 10	A Yassur helicopter crashes during exercise near Jericho and 54 paratroops are killed.
	The United States adopts anti-boycott legislation.
May 17	Likud party wins elections held for the Ninth Knesset. This markes the first loss of power for the Labor Party.
	Likud forms government after Knesset elections, end of 30 years of Labor rule. Menachem Begin becomes Prime Minister.
July 6	The U.S. rejects Israeli request to sell 24 Kfir fighter-bombers to Ecuador.
July 13	Sadat says he will end the state of war with Israel only after complete Israeli withdrawl and will consider a peace treaty 5 years after last Israeli soldier leaves the territories.
July 19-21	Prime Minister Begin and President Carter confer in Washington and reach agreement on the need for Israel to negotiate with the Arab states in the framwork of a Geneva conference in the fall of 1977.
August 8	Carter says that if PLO accepts Resolution 242 in its entirety, the U.S. would then start discussions with this organization.
August 9	Israel rejects any idea of PLO participation in the peace negotiations even if it accepts Resolution 242.
October 1	U.S. and the Soviet Union issue a joint communique on the Middle East, which is welcomed by Arabs and criticized by Israel.
October 28	Israel government launches new economic program, floats the pound and makes it freely convertible, controls on foreign currency abolished.
November 9	Israeli jets attack PLO base near Tyre. President Sadat announces his readiness to come to Jerusalem to address the Knesset.
November 11	Begin broadcasts to the Egyptian people and invites Sadat to Jerusalem for peace talks.
November 15	Begin sends written invitation to Sadat to come to Jerusalem. Sadat says his trip is a holy mission.
November 19	Visit of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat to Jerusalem.
November 20	After praying at the al Aksa mosque Egyptian President Sadat addresses the Knesset calling for Israeli withdrawal and the establishment of a Palestinain state.
November 21	Sadat meets with Knesset factions and in a press conference with Begin calls on Israel to make drastic decisions to reciprocate his visit. Begin-Sadat agreed communique says “no more wars.” Sadat leaves for Cairo.
December 5	Egypt severs diplomatic relations with Jordan, Iraq, Libya, Algeria and South Yemen in retaliation for their decision to suspend relations with Egypt in protest against Sadat's initiative. The “rejectionist” Arab states conclude a 5-day summit meeting in Tripoli.
December 14	Cairo conference opens. PM Begin arrives in U.S. for talks with President Carter on the Israel peace plan.
December 16-17	Begin and Carter confer in Washington. Sadat invites Begin for talks with him in Egypt
December 25	Prime Minister Menachem Begin confers with Egyptian President Sadat in Ismailiya, Egypt.
December 26	Ismaliya summit concluded with a joint Begin-Sadat press conference. Disagreement over the Palestinian issue prevented a joint communique.
December 28	Carter praises Begin peace plan, but prefers a Palestinian homeland or entity linked to Jordan.

 

1978

	Israel wins the Eurovision Song Contest.
January 1	Karnei Shomron settled by Gush Emunim.
January 4	Carter and Sadat meet in Aswan, issue the “Aswan proclamation” calling for the recognition of the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people and their participation in the determination of their future.
February 2	Carter administration will propose to Congress a package deal for the sale of jet plans to Israel, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
February 15	U.S. threatens to withdraw Israel request for jet planes if Congress blocks sale to Saudi Arabia and Egypt.
March 11	Coastal Road Massacre: Arab terrorists hijack buses on the Haifa-Tel Aviv road leaving 37 civilians dead and scores injured. Begin postpones his U.S. visit and Weizman returns home.
March 13	PLO forces flee Southern Lebanon. Beirut calls on UN to ward off an Israeli attack, U.S. declines to cite PLO as responsible for the bus attack.
March 14	Israel Defense Force crosses the Lebanese border, seizes a strip of 7 miles along the border. Begin says IDF will remain in Lebanon until an agreeement reached ensuring the area no longer serve as terrorist base.
March 16	Operation Litani launched in southern Lebanon
March 19	IDF takes over entire Southern Lebanon to the Litani River as U.S. seeks Security Council Resolution that will dispatch an international force to replace the IDF. Security Council adopts Resolution 425 calling for immediate withdrawal of Israeli troops from Lebanon and the stationing of a UN force there.
March 21-22	Begin and Carter hold two days of talks in White House. U.S. and Israel are in disagreement over a number of issues. UN forces arrive in Southern Labnon.
April 11	IDF starts withdrawl from Lebanon
	Peace Now is founded.
April 19	Yizhak Navon become Israel's fifth president.
	Yiddish writer Isaac Bashevis Singer receives Nobel Prize.
May 15	The Diaspora Museum opens in Tel Aviv
May 16	Senate approves the sale of warplanes to Israel, Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Israel expresses its regret, Arab leaders are pleased.
July 9	Egypt transmits to Israel its Six Point Peace Plan based on the return of Gaza to Egypt and the West Bank to Jordan. Israel rejects the plan.
	Camp David Accords include framework for comprehensive peace in the Middle East and proposal for Palestinian self-government.
September 6-17	The Camp David conference ends in the signing, at the White House, of two agreements: the first dealing with an Israel-Egypt peace treaty and the restoration of Sinai to the latter; the second, a framework agreement establishing a format for negotions on a five-year autonomy regime in the West Bank and Gaza region. Israel-Egypt peace talks to begin shortly with the aim of signing the treaty no later than 17 December.
September 25	The Israeli Government approves the Camp David agreements by an 11-2 vote. Commerce and Industry Minister Hurwitz resigns.
September 27	The Knesset approves the Camp David agreement by a vote of 84 for, 19 against, 17 abstentations.
October 12	Opening of the talks at Blair House on the Israel-Egypt peace treaty. Talks run into difficulties over teh linkage between the treaty and developments in teh West Bank and Gaza; oil supply for Israel, a target date for teh establishment of the autonomy and Egypt's demands for early Israeli withdrawal.
October 27	President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin win the Nobel Peace prize.
November 21	The Israel Government adopts the text of the Peace Treaty, but Egypt introduces new demands regarding teh stages of withdrawal from Sinai and the oil rights Israel is to have on wells it discovered and developed in Sinai.
	American neo-Nazis receive permission to march in Skokie. After Supreme Court denies Skokie's request to cancel the march, the Nazis hold a rally in Marquette Park, Chicago instead.
	Natan Sharansky is convicted of espionage and receives a 13 year sentence.
December 10	Prime Minister Begin and Egyptian President Sadat are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

 

1979

	The Hebrew University returns to its rebuilt pre-1948 campus on Mount Scopus.
	JTS Faculty Senate tables issue of ordaining women because of “provoking unprecedented divisions . . . . The bitter divergence of opinion threatens to inflict irreparable damage.”
	A revolution in Iran forces the Shah to flee and an Islamic Republic is created under Ayatollah Khomeini. Americans are taken hostage and held for 444 days in the U.S. Embassy in Tehran.
March 1-4	Begin-Carter talks in the White House. After initial serious disagreement, a last minute solution is reached on some remaining issues.
March 10-13	President Carter visits Israel and wins additional concessions from Israel.
March 14	President Sadat accepts the last minute changes brought from Jerusalem by President Carter, thus paving the way for teh signing of the peace treaty.
March 19	The Israel Government approves the text of the peace treaty.
March 22	The Knesset approves the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty, by a vote of 95 for, 18 against, 2 abstentations, 3 absent.
March 26	Peacy treaty between Egypt and Israel signed in Washington, D.C.
	Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty signed and Arab relations with Egypt are severed.
April 2-3	Prime Minister Begin pays an official visit to Cairo, meets with President Sadat.
April 30	The first Israeli vessel flying the Israeli flag sails through the Suez Canal. President Carter again terms Israeli settlements in Judea and Samaria an obstacle to peace and contrary to international law.
May 25	El Arish is handed over to Egypt within the implementation of the first phase of Israeli withdrawal from Sinai. Israeli and Egyptian negotiators meet in Beersheva for the first round of the autonomy talks in the presence of Secretary of State Vance.
June 27	In an air battle over Lebanon, Israeli air force plans down six Syrian MIG 21's.
July 2-3	Newly appointed U.S. special envoy for the autonomy talks, Robert Strauss, meets with Prime Minister Begin in Jerusalem and President Sadat in Alexandria.
July 10-12	Prime Minister Begin and President Sadat meet for two days of talks in Alexandria.
July 19	The U.S. and the USSR agree to replace UNEF in Sinai by UNTSO. Three days later Israel announces its objections to the plan.
July 24	The Security Council terminates the mandate of UNEF. Members of this force will be replaced by UNTSO. Israel opposes the plan saying it is not an acceptable alternative multi-national force. Israel's objections are termed by the U.S. as “misconceptions.”
August 3	The IDF destroys three terrorist bases in southern Lebanon.
September 24	Israel air force planes, on a reconnaissance flight over Lebanon, clash with and down four Syrian MIG 21's.
November 7	Ambassador Sol Linowitz succeeds Robert Strauss as the U.S. special envoy for the autonomous talks.
November 15	Mt. Sinai and the Saint Catharine region are returned to Egypt two months ahead of schedule.
November 25	Israel returns the Alma oil field in A-Tour to Egypt.
December 31	Following a meeting between President Carter and Defense Minister Weizman, the U.S. announces the addition of $200 million to the $2.2 billion loan included in the special aid to Israel in teh wake of the Israel-Egypt peace treaty
	Saddam Hussein becomes Iraq's head of state.

Modern Israel & the Diaspora

(1980-1989)

---

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

1980

	Saudi government acquires 100% participation interest in Aramco.
January 5	Egypt appoints Saad Mortada as its first ambassador to Israel. Dr. Eliyahu Ben Elissar will be Israel's first ambassador to Egypt.
February 10	The Israeli cabinet affirms the right of Israeli Jews to settle in Hebron.
February 18	Embassy of Israel opens in Cairo.
February 21	The first Egyptian diplomats arrive in Israel to open the Egyptian embassy in Tel Aviv
February 24	The lira is replaced by the shekel (1 shekel = 10 lirot).
March 1	The Security Council adopts a resolution calling on Israel to dismantle existing settlements and discontinue establishing new settlements. The U.S. votes in favor. Later President Carter disavowed the vote saying it was the result of communication failure.
March 3	Israel inaugurates commercial air links with Egypt. Israeli and Egyptian officials initial in Cairo a five year cooperation agreement in the spheres of culture, education and science.
March 11	An Israel-Egypt agreement on tourism is signed in Cairo.
March 14	An Israel-Egypt civil aviation agreement is initiliated in Tel Aviv.
March 18	A contract for the sale of Egyptian oil to Israel is signed in Cairo.
March 30	An Israel-Egypt transportation agreement is signed in Tel Aviv regulating sea and land movement of people and goods.
April 30	The U.S. vetoes a Security Council draft resolution calling for the creation of a Palestinian state
May 2	Terrorists in Hebron kill seven Jewish students and wound 16 others. The mayors of Hebron and Halhoul are deported to Lebanon for incitement.
May 8	The Security Council votes for a resolution calling on Israel to rescind the deportation of the mayors of Hebron and Halhoul. The U.S. abstains
May 25	In an interview in The Washington Post Prince Fahd of Saudi Arabia says that if Israel would declare its intention to withdraw from areas occupied in 1967, “Saudi Arabia would do its utmost to bring the Arabs to cooperate and work for a full settlement.” Begin invites Fahd to come to Jerusalem and address the Knesset.
June 2	Two West Bank mayors are injured in bombings by members of the Jewish underground.
July 30	Basic Law: “Jerusalem, Capital of Israel” is passed, strengthening the 1967 annexation of the eastern part of the city.
August 20	The Security Council votes to condemn Israel for the passage of the Jerusalem law and urged all nations not to recognize it. The U.S. abstains.
September 20	A conference of Islamic foreign ministers is held in Fez. They agree on a plan to force Israel out of the UN and to lead a holy war against Israel.
October 17	Israel and the U.S. sign an agreement guaranteeing the supply of oil to Israel in times of specified emergencies.
December 31	Israeli planes strike at terrorist bases in southern Lebanon. Two Syrian planes are shot down.

 

1981

January 28	Six Israelis are wounded by Katyusha rockets fired at Kiryat Shmona from Lebanon.
March 2	Israeli jets attack terrorist targets near Tyre following katyusha attack on Kiryat Shmona.
March 27	Maccabi Tel-Aviv basketball team wins European Champions' Cup.
April 28	Israeli jets down two Syrian helicopters near Zahla in Lebanon. Prime Minister Begin explained the action as an effort to prevent Syrian domination of Lebanon
April 29	Syria introduces S.A. 6 ground to air missiles into the Bekka Valley in Lebanon. Israeli planes attack targets in south Lebanon
June 7	Israel Air Force destroys Iraqi nuclear reactor at Osirak just before it is to become operative.
June 10	The U.S. suspends arms deliveries to Israel in the wake of the Baghdad raid.
June 20	The Security Council condemns Israel for the raid on the Iraqi nuclear reactor.
June 30	Israel elects the tenth Knesset. Likud wins 48 seats, Labor 47. PM Begin starts talks for the formation of the new government.
July 15	In heavy shelling of northern Galilee, 3 Israelis are killed in Nahariyah and 17 wounded in Kiryat Shmona.
July 24	Israel accepts a cease fire proposal brought by Ambassador Habib. In ten days of shelling six Israelis were killed, 65 wounded. Heavy damage caused to homes, factories and public buildings.
September 6-16	Prime Minister Begin, accompanied by Ministers Shamir, Sharon, and Burg visit Washington for talks with President Reagan and his senior advisors on U.S. arms sale to Saudi Arabia and U.S.-Israel strategic cooperation agreement.
October 6	Egyptian President Anwar Sadat is assassinated in Cairo. Israeli leaders eulogize the late president. Hosni Mubarak succeeds him.
October 27	Israel and Egypt conclude three days of discussions on the normalization process, led by Defense Minister Sharon and Egyptian Foreign Minister Kamal Hassan Ali. Series of agreements are signed.
October 29	Israeli condemns a U.S. Senate vote to approve sale of AWACS to Saudi Arabia.
November 2	In a speech to the Knesset, Prime Minister Begin rejects Prince Fahd 8 Point Peace Plan.
November 30	Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed with U.S. for military and civilian cooperation.
December 14	The United States sells AWACS radar planes to Saudi Arabia after a divisive battle with the pro-Israel lobby. Golan Heights Law passed.
December 18	The U.S. suspends the implementation of the strategic cooperation agreement. The Security Council calls on Israel to rescind forthwith the Golan Heights Law.

 

1982

	OPEC's first quotas established .
February 2	The U.N. General Assembly condemns Israel for the passage of the Golan Heights Law.
February 15	The Knesset expressed its regret over U.S. sale of F-16 and Hawk missiles to Jordan.
March	Israel proceeds to dismantle and remove its civilian settlements in northern Sinai.
April 3	An Israeli diplomat is assassinated by terrorists in Paris.
Mid-April	Students and a few families are the last holdouts in Yamit. About 200 soldiers clash with 200 protesters barricaded on roofs.
April 21	Israel downs two Syrian MIGs over Lebanon, bombs terrorist bases in Sidon.
April 23	The Sinai town of Yamit is leveled, completing withdrawal from Sinai.
April 25	Israel's three-stage withdrawal from Sinai completed. President Reagan congratulates President Mubarak and Prime Minister Begin on the new phase of Israel-Egypt ties.
May 9	Israeli jets bomb terrorist targets in southern Lebanon for the first time since July 24, 1981. Northern and Western Galilee are shelled by PLO artillery.
May 16	The Israeli embassy in Kinshasa, Zaire, is re-opened after diplomatic ties resumed.
June 3	Israel's ambassador to London, Shlomo Argov, is wounded in a Palestinian terrorist attack.
June 4	Israeli airplanes raid terrorist targets in Beirut and southern Lebanon. The PLO retaliates by massive artillery bombardment of the entire northern border causing heavy damage.
June 6	Operation Peace for the Galilee (June 1982) removes Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) terrorists from Lebanon.
June 6	IDF units cross the Lebanese border and advance along the coastal road to Tyre, reach Nabatiya in central Lebanon and move into Fatahland in the east.
June 7	The IDF continues its advance, captures the Beaufort Castle and clashes with the Syrian army. The navy lands tanks and infantry north of Sidon.
June 8	Sidon falls to the IDF whose advance units reach Damur, while other units advance towards the Beirut-Damascus road. The Knesset rejects (by 94 votes) a no-confidence motion. 6 Syrian MIGs are downed.
June 9	U.S. vetoes a Security Council draft resolution condemning the Israeli operation. 19 Syrian ground to air missile batteries are destroyed by the Israel Air Forcein the Bekaa Valley. 22 Syrian planes are downed. IDF reaches Lake Karoun in the Bekaa Valley and the vicinity of Beirut's international airport.
June 10	President Reagan demands an immediate cease fire. The government, in an emergency session, accepts his call. IDF reaches the Beirut Damascus road.
June 13	Israel proposes an arrangement for southern Lebanon to include the stationing of a multinational force.
June 21	Prime Minister Begin holds talks with President Reagan in the White House.
June 26	In an emergency session, the UN General Assembly adopts a resolution calling for an end to hostilities and immediate unconditional withdrawal of Israel from Lebanon (127 to 2).
July 4	The IDF begins to besiege West Beirut, cutting off power and water. Israel allows Ambassador Habib additional time to continue his efforts to bring about the PLO withdrawal.
July 19	President Reagan orders the hold up of cluster bombs for Israel.
July 25	The Israel Air Force destroys three ground-to-air Syrian SAM batteries in the Bekaa Valley. Israel jets continue to bombard terrorist targets in West Beirut.
July 30	The Security Council adopts a resolution calling on Israel to lift the siege from Beirut. The U.S. is absent from the vote. Israel expresses the hope for a peaceful solution for the PLO evacuation from Beirut.
August 2	In a meeting with Foreign Minister Shamir, President Reagan demands that Israel cease all hostilities in Beirut. Israel agrees to allow Ambassador Habib additional time for his diplomatic efforts.
August 4	IDF intensifies the siege of West Beirut, occupying additional positions overlooking that area. 18 Israeli soldiers die in these battles. President Reagan demands of Mr. Begin an immediate halt to the shelling of Beirut threatening to review U.S.-Israel relations.
August 12	Israeli jets carry out massive air raids on Beirut. President Reagan phones Prime Minister Begin demanding an end to the bombing. PM Begin agrees to halt the raids.
August 19	The Government approves the agreement. The PLO withdrawal to begin on 21 August and be completed by 1 September. At an emergency session of the UN General Assembly, a resolution is adopted (by 107 in favor, 5 against and 27 abstentations) calling in fact for the creation of a Palestinian state. Israel announces its objection to any change in Resolution 242.
23 August	Bashir Gemayel is elected President of Lebanon. His inaugural date is set for 23 September.
September 1	Prime Minister Begin holds talks with Bashir Gemayel in Nahariya. Gemayel rejects his call for the signing of an Israel-Lebanon peace treaty. The PLO withdrawal from Beirut is completed.
September 1	President Reagan offers a Middle East Peace Plan.
September 2	The Cabinet rejects the Reagan Plan, claiming it contradicts and negates the Camp David agreements. PM Begin meets with Defense Secretary Weinberger in Jerusalem.
September 4	8 Israeli soldiers are kidnapped in Lebanon.
September 13	Israeli jets attack Syrian and PLO targets in the Beka'a Valley.
September 14	President elect Bashir Gemayel is murdered in the Phallange headquarters in Beirut. The IDF is ordered to take control of key positions in West Beirut
	Hundreds of thousands protest the War in Lebanon.
September 15	IDF forces enter western Beirut.
September 16	Lebanese Phalangist militiamen murder Palestinian refugees at Sabra and Shatilla.
September 21	Amin Gemayel is elected president of Lebanon.
September 28	IDF withdraws from Beirut. Prime Minister Begin appoints Supreme Court President Yitzchak Kahan to examine Israel's role in the massacre at Sabra and Shatilla.
September 29	Israel completes its withdrawal from West Beirut.
October 4	Israeli jets destroy Syrian SAM 9 missiles in Lebanon.
October 10	The Cabinet announces its position regarding withdrawal of all foreign troops from Lebanon; peace treaty with Lebanon; exchange of prisoners and appropriate security arrangements for Israel.
October 26	An Iranian attempt to disqualify Israel from attending the General Assembly fails.
November 11	The Israeli military government building in Tyre collapses due to gas leakage, 75 Israeli soldiers and 14 local Arabs die, 27 Israelis and 28 Arabs are wounded.
November 28	Foreign Minister Shamir visits Zaire and signs a series of bilateral agreements.
December 10	The UN General Assembly adopts a resolution calling on the Security Council to take action to implement the plan for the establishment of an independent Palestinian state. It demands Israeli withdrawl from terrorities seized in 1967, including East Jerusalem. Israel rejects the resolution.

1983

	Faculty of the Jewish Theological Seminary votes to open the rabbinical school to women, allowing them to become Conservative rabbis. Most of the seniorTalmudists leave JTS shortly after.
February 8	Kahan Commission releases report on Sabra and Shatilla massacres, finding fault with Israel's actions.
February 9	Ariel Sharon resigns as Defense Minister in the wake of the publications of the Kahan Commission report.
February 11	Emil Grunzweig, a participant in a Peace Now demonstration in Jerusalem, is murdered by a hand grenade thrown at the demonstrators.
February 13	Defense Minister Sharon resigns from his office but remains in the Cabinet as Minister without Portfolio. He is replaced by Ambassador Arens.
March 22	Chaim Herzog is elected by the Knesset as Israel's sixth president.
May 16	The Knesset approves the agreement with Lebanon.
May 17	U.S. negotiated withdrawal agreement signed between Israel and Lebanon.
	Reform rabbinate decides that children of mixed marriages whose fathers are Jewish, are Jewish if so educated.
	New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman and Washington Post columnist Loren Jenkins win Pulitzer Prizes for their coverage of the Lebanon War.
June 10	Three Israeli soldiers are killed near Tyre bringing the number of casualties since June 1982 to 500.
June 24	Syria declares PLO chairman Yasser Arafat “persona non grata” and orders him to leave the country. Arafat flies to Tunis and calls Syria's action “regrettable.”
August 12	Liberia announces resumption of diplomatic relations with Israel at an ambassadorial level.
August 28	Prime Minister Begin informs the Cabinet of his intention to resign from office.
September 2	Prime Minister Begin resignw and Yitzhak Shamir heads new government.
September 3	IDF forces in Lebanon complete the withdrawal to the Awali River.
October 10	Shamir presents his government to the Knesset and wins a vote of confidence. He retains the Foreign Ministry.
October 23	Terrorist attack on U.S. marine headquarters in Beirut kills 241 Americans.
November 4	In a terrorist attack on IDF camp in Tyre, 28 Israeli personnel and 32 local inhabitants are killed.
November 24	In an exchange of prisoners, Israel receives six IDF soldiers in return for 4600 terrorists held in Lebanon and Israel.
November 28	Prime Minister Shamir and Defense Minister Arens hold talks in the White House and reach an agreement on joint Israel-U.S. strategic, political, military and economic cooperation.
December 10	Israeli Navy shells terrorist bases north of Tripoli.
December 20	4000 PLO terrorists are evacuated from Tripoli under UN auspices.

 

1984

	Reconstructionist Rabbinical College votes to admit gays and lesbians as rabbinical students.
	Reagan orders U.S. marines to leave Beirut and redeploy off-shore, ending the Amiercan role in the peacekeeping force.
January	Reverend Jessie Jackson is castigated for calling Jews - “Hymies” and New York - “Hymietown” during a conversation with Washington Post reporter Milton Coleman.
March 5	The Government of Lebanon abrogates unilaterally the May 17, 1983 Israel-Lebanon agreement.
April 2	52 civilians are wounded in a terrorist attack in the heart of Jerusalem. One terrorist is killed and two others captured.
April 12	El Salvador returns its embassy to Jerusalem.
	Palestinian gunmen hijack a bus on the Tel Aviv-Ashkelon route, starting “Bus 300” affair when the Shin Bet allegedly executed two of the gunmen while being held captive.
May 1	Three members of the Israel liason unit to Lebanon are kidnapped by Syrian soldiers south of Tripoli.
June 20	Israel and the U.S. hold joint military exercises.
July 23	Elections to the Eleventh Knesset.
September 13	National unity government (Likud and Labor) formed after elections. It is headed by Shimon Peres with Yitzchak Shamir as Vice Premier and Minister for Foreign Affairs.
September 20	A car bomb kills 23 people in the U.S. people in the U.S. embassy in Beirut. The U.S. Senate approves the Trade Bill including an agreement to constitute Free Trade Zone with Israel.
October 7-14	Prime Minister Peres hold talks in Washington with President Reagan and senior officials, Congressional leaders and UN Security General De Cuaillar as well as leaders of the Jewish community.
November 1984 - January 1985	Operation Moses flies 7,000 Ethiopian Jews to Israel.
December 11	U.S. and Israeli naval units hold joint maneuvers in the eastern Mediterranean.
December 14	The UN General Assembly adopts a resolution stating, inter alia, that Israel is not a peace loving nation.

 

1985

	Jewish Theological Seminary ordains Amy Eilberg — first woman rabbi ordained by the Conservative movement.
	Eilat becomes free trade zone.
	Administrative attache at Israeli embassy in Cairo is killed by terrorists.
January	Operation Moses clandestine airlift to Ethiopian Jews to Israel ends.
January 3	Operation Moses, in which 7,500 Ethiopian Jews were airlifted to Israel ends prematurely due to disclosures.
January 9	Israel jets bomb terrorist bases in the Bekaa Valley.
January 14	The government resolves to redeploy the IDF in Lebanon in three stages. Stage one within five weeks will see the IDF withdrawing from Sidon and being redeployed in the Nabatiyeh-Litani sector; stage two will involve withdrawal in the eastern sector and in the final phase the IDF will be redeployed along the international border. There will be a buffer zone where local Lebanese forces, assisted by the IDF, will operate.
January 20	The IDF commences stage I of the withdrawal.
January 27	Egyptian and Israeli teams start talks in Beer Sheba on Taba. At their conclusion they agree to meet again to resolve the issue.
February 16	The IDF completes the first stage of its withdrawal and redeployment. It is replaced in Sidon by units of the Lebanese army.
March 10	10 soldiers are killed and 14 wounded in a car bomb explosion outside Metulla.
March 12	The U.S. vetoes a Lebanese draft resolution condemning the Israeli Iron Fist policy in Lebanon.
April 5	The U.S. invites Israel to participate in research for the SDI (also known as Star Wars).
April 13	The IDF completes stage 2 of its redeployment in Lebanon when it leaves the Nabatiyeh area.
April 20	The Israeli navy sinks a terrorist ship some 200 kms. at sea. 20 drown and 8 are captured.
April 22	The US-Israel Free Trade Agreement is signed.
April 24	The IDF completes its withdrawal from the Bekaa Valley, Jebel Barukh and Jezzin.
May 1	The U.S. authorizes 1.5 billion dollar emergency aide to Israel.
May 5	President Ronald Reagan makes his controversial visit to Bitburg cemetery in West Germany, a military cemetary which included graves of members of the NaziWaffen-SS.
May 21	More than 1,150 terrorists imprisoned in Israel are exchanged for three Israeli POWs in the so-called “Jibril Agreement.”
June 6	Notorious Auschwitz doctor, Josef Mengele, is confirmed dead, after his remains were exhumed from a falsely-marked grave in Brazil and tested using DNA.
June 24	Israel releases 31 Lebanese detainees in an effort to help the U.S. obtain the release of passengers hijacked aboard a TWA airliner in Beirut.
July 1	The Cabinet proclaims an emergency economic program to curb inflation. The budget is reduced, prices rise, an 18.8% devaluation of the Shekel and additional taxes are levied.
July 10	In first ruling by Israeli court convicting Israeli Jews of terrorist involvement, three Jewish settlers are convicted of murder and twelve other defendants are found guilty of committing violent crimes between 1980-84 against West Bank mayors and others.
July 17	Three Israeli delegations proceed to China to sign cooperation agreements in agriculture, hotel development and textile.
August 24	The Israel-U.S. Free Trade Zone Agreement is ratified.
October 1	Israeli airforce jets bomb PLO and Force 17 headquarters in Tunisia following continuous attacks on Israelis abroad and in Lebanon.
October 3	The U.S. abstains during a Security Council vote condemning Israel for the attack on the PLO headquarters in Tunis.
October 5	Egyptian soldier kills seven Israeli civilians touring in the Ras Bourka area in Sinai.
October 8	Palestinian terrorists hijack Italian cruise ship, the Achille Lauro, and murder American Leon Klinghoffer.
November 6	The IDF and the U.S. army hold joint exercises.
November 19	2 Syrian MIGs are downed by Israeli jets over Lebanon as Israel clarifies that it has no interest in escalating the tension with Syria.
November 21	US Navy analyst Jonathan Pollard is arrested in Washington and charged with spying for Israel.
December 28	Terrorists attack El-Al counters in the Rome and Vienna airports killing 15 innocent bystanders.

1986

	JTS's new Chancellor, Ismar Schorsch, opens cantorial school to women on same basis as women were previously admitted to rabbinical school.
	First liver transplant in Israel takes place.
January 1	The New Shekel replaces the Shekel as Israel's currency (1 NIS = 1,000 shekels).
January 3	Washington reports that Syria had withdrawn SA 6 and SA 8 missiles from Lebanese territory.
January 13	The Inner Cabinet decides that Israel will agree to the resolution of the Taba dispute through international arbitration in return for the fulfillment by Egypt of the normalization agreement and the return of the Egyptian ambassador to Israel.
January 17	Israel and Syria sign in the Hague an agreement to establish diplomatic relations.
February 4	The Israeli airforce intercepts a Libyan executive jet en route to Damascus after hearing that terrorist leaders might be on board. The plane was released. The U.S.vetoes a Syrian resolution in the Security Council condemning Israel.
Febuary 11	Anatoly Sharansky, (Natan Sharansky) Soviet Jewish dissident, is freed from a USSR prison after 12 years and arrives in Israel.
February 12	The Ivory Coast and Israel announce the restoration of diplomatic relations.
February 17	2 IDF soldiers and an SLA soldier are kidnapped in southern Lebanon by Shi'ite terrorists. Efforts to retrieve the kidnapped fail after extensive military operations on land and at sea
February 19	King Hussein announces end of year long effort to construct joint strategy with the PLO.
February 28	Alleged Nazi criminal John Demjanjuk is deported from U.S. for trial in Israel as Treblinka's “Ivan the Terrible.”
April	Marshall Plan for Middle East Peace discussed.
May 3	Defense Minister Rabin and Defense Secretary Weinberger sign a Memorandum of Understanding on Israel's participation in the Strategic Defense Initiative.
	Elie Wiesel wins Nobel Peace Prize.
June 6	Kurt Waldheim is elected president of Austria.
August 18	In their first official diplomatic contact in nineteen years, Soviet and Israeli representatives meet in Helsinki, Finland to discuss resumption of consular relations.
August 24-26	Prime Minister Peres visits Cameroon. At the conclusion of the visit, both countries announce the restoration of diplomatic relations.
September 6	Terrorist attacks against synagogue in Istanbul by Abu Nidal organization on the Neveh Shalom synagogue killing 22 people.
September 30	Mordechai Vanunu, a former technician at the Dimona nuclear plant, is kidnapped by Mossad agents in Rome and smuggled to Israel to stand trial for supplying photos and information to The Sunday Times in London.
October 16	Ron Arad, Israeli Air Force navigator, is captured in Lebanon.
October 20	The rotation agreement is implemented when Shamir becomes Prime Minister and Peres becomes Vice Premier and Minister for Foreign Affairs.
October 29	Yitzchak Shamir presents his government to the Knesset.

 

 

1987

February 9	The first batch of F-16 jet fighters arrive in Israel.
February 14	Israel wins a status of a U.S. ally who is not a member of NATO.
February 16	Prime Minister Shamir leaves for talks in Washington with President Reagan and senior members of his administration.
	Demjanjuk trial begins in Israel.
March 4	Jonathan Jay Pollard, American spy for Israel, is sentenced to life imprisonment after pleading guilty. His wife Anne was sentenced to 5 years in jail.
March 18	The Inner Cabinet denounces the Apartheid policy of South Africa and limits Israel's security ties with Pretoria.
June 4	Landau Commission investigages GSS interrogation methods.
June 4	“Night of the Hang Gliders.” Palestinian terrorist flies over border from Lebanon and attacks an IDF base. Six IDF soldiers killed.
June 9	Togo and Israel resume diplomatic relations.
July 12	A Soviet Consular mission arrives in Israel, the first since 1967.
August 30	The Cabinet decides to halt production of the Lavi fighter jet.
	Austrian president Kurt Waldheim, former officer of the Third Reich, is barred from the United States.
	German-Israel Foundation for Scientific Research and Development is established.
November 1	Landau Commission presents report.
November 7	Prime Minister General Zeine el Abideen Ben Ali of Tunisia removes President Bourguiba from office saying the Tunisian leader had become senile. Ben Ali becomes president.
November 25	Six Israeli soldiers are killed in a camp near Kiryat Shmona by a terrorist who reached Israel on a glider.
	First heart transplant performed in Israel.
	Two hundred thousand people attend rally in Washington, DC in support of immigration of Soviet Jewry.
December 9	Widespread violence (“The Intifada”) breaks out in Israeli-administered areas.
	Defense Minister Rabin and Secretary of Defense Carlucci sign in Washington a Memorandum of Understanding valid for ten years.

 

1988

January 3	Five residents of the territories are expelled, accused of hostile activities and incitement.
January 6	The Security Council adopts a resolution calling on Israel to refrain from expelling Palestinians from the areas.
January 18	The U.S. vetoes a Security Council draft resolution condemning Israel for bombing raids in Lebanon.
January 30	Prime Minister Shamir expresses reservations over Secretary of State Shultz's plan which includes an interim arrangement for the inhabitants of the territories, an international opening session, bilateral talks on permanent settlement. Shultz called for the implementation of his plan in the course of 1988.
March 7	Three terrorists infiltrate from Egypt, commandeer a bus near Dimona killing three Israeli civilians before being shot dead.
March 14-16	Prime Minister Shamir meets in Washington with President Reagan, Secretary Shultz, and other leading members of the administration as well as Congressional leaders.
April 16	Khalil al-Wazir (Abu Jihad), PLO No. 2, is assassinated, apparently by Israeli commandos, at his home in Tunis.
	Demjanjuk trial ends.
April 21	Israel and the United States sign a Memorandum of Understanding dealing with military, political, economic and scientific cooperation.
April 28	Demjanjuk is found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging. He appeals the ruling, and remains in solitary confinement until 1993.
June 27-28	White House issued a statement announcing a joint Israel-U.S. development of the Arrow anti-missile missile and reaffirming U.S. committment to Israel's security.
June 29	Israel and U.S. cooperate on the production of the Arrow missiles.
July 26	The Israeli Consular Mission in Moscow begins to function.
July 31	King Hussein announces the severance of legal and administrative ties between Jordan and the West Bank.
August	Twenty-five wounded in a grenade attack at the Haifa mall.
August 1	Israel expels eight leaders of the uprising to Lebanon.
September 5	The covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas, circulated in the West Bank.
September 19	Israel launches into space the Ofeq 1 experimental satellite.
October 11	China agrees to the opening of an Israeli Scientific Exchange office in Beijing.
November 1	Israel elects the 12th Knesset. Likud wins 40 seats, Labor 39. The Religious parties obtain 18 seats.
November 15	In Algiers, the Palestinian National Council proclaim the establishment of an independent Palestinian state.
November	Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco) established.
December 10	An IDF rescue team leaves for Armenia to help rescue survivors following a devastating earthquake there.
	Arafat says he accepts Israel's right to exist and renounces terrorism to win U.S. recognition.
December	Likud government in power following elections. National Unity government formed.
December 14	President Ronald Reagan says at a White House press conference that the US has decided to open a dialogue with the PLO.
December 22	The Second National Unity Government is presented to the Knesset headed by Yitzhak Shamir. Yitzhak Rabin remains defense minister, Moshe Arens is appointed foreign minister, and Shimon Peres vice premier and finance minister.

1989

	Science Minister Ezer Weizman's alleged contacts with the PLO spark a government crisis.
January 1	Fifteen intifada “activists” are expelled to Lebanon.
January 4	Israel and Egypt complete the marking of the border near Taba.
January 9	Six-point peace initiative proposed by Israel.
January 12	The UN Security Council grants the PLO the right to speak directly to the Council as “Palestine,” on the same level as any UN member nation.
January 16	Central African Republic announces restoration of diplomatic relations with Israel.
January 17	The Knesset unanimously adopts a resolution calling on President Bush to pardon Jonathan Pollard.
February 1	Prime Minister Shamir proposes a two-stage peace plan.
February 15	Taba is returned to Egypt via international negotiations.
February 17	Israel's minister for religious affairs visits Hungary, being the first Israeli minister on an official visit to that country.
March 15	Taba is restored to Egyptian sovereignty.
May 14	The government issues a peace initiative based on four points.
June 29	Eight intifada leaders are deported to Lebanon.
July 6	The Security Council condemns Israel for the deportation of eight Palestinians.
July 6	An Arab terrorist commandeers a bus on the Jerusalem-Tel Aviv highway. The bus crashes into a ravine. 14 passengers are killed and 30 wounded.
July 29	IDF commandos kidnap Sheikh Obeid, Hezbollah's spiritual leader, from his village in southern Lebanon.
September 1	The Soviet government permits the opening of a Jewish school in Riga, the first in fifty years.
September 15	Egypt transmits to Israel a ten-point plan for elections in the areas.
September 18	Israel and Hungary restore full diplomatic relations.
September 22	More than sixty US Senators sign a letter to Secretary of State James Baker opposing the grant of an entry visa for Palestinean leader Yasser Arafat to address the UN Genreal Assembly.
October 4	Egypt and Israel sign a memorandum for the development of industrial and commercial ties.
	Syrian pilot defects to Israel, landing a MIG-23 at Megiddo.
	Israeli Cabinet and Knesset approve free and democratic elections in the West Bank and Gaza.
October 6	Five point plan for peace proposed by U.S. Secretary of State James Baker.
November 3	Israel and Ethiopia restore full diplomatic relations.
November 9	The Berlin Wall comes down.
November 15	The Prime Minister meets in Washington with President Bush and Secretary of State Baker.
Late 1989	Start of mass immigration of Jews from former Soviet Union.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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